作者: Rodrigo Paillacar , Rodrigo Paillacar
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摘要: This thesis studies empirically the agglomeration forces posit in economic literature. It overcomes several of methodological limitations previous empirical works. privileges applications to developing countries that experienced increased integration world economy through trade liberalization or colonization. The maintain a close connection with theoretical models, especially those issued from recent literature known as New Economic Geography. Chapter 1 investigates evolution geography. A relationship between proximity demand (termed “market access”) and level manufacturing wages is tested. Using gravity equations for period 1980-2003 27 industries, measures market access are built. Results indicate 16 out industries exhibit this wage response. fact panel data econometrics (static dynamic) employed reduces considerably risks omitted variable bias. absence effect can be attributed influence labor relocation, human capital requirements, supplier access, regulations. 2 3 focus on impact reform Brazilian regional markets, take advantage detailed information at intranational level, well microdata firms workers. In chapter 2, same hypothesis postulated tested, but using individual captures demands rest Brazil international partners. confirm wages, which robust controls firm productivity, knowledge spillovers, endowments. continues exploration geography dynamic setting. general equilibrium framework, it expected differentials arbitrated away migration. explores bilateral Microdata used warrant self-selection properly taken into account, build migration flows breakdown by skill levels industrial affiliation. an important response although costs selection bias limit flows. 4, role history processes studied following cities founded American continent over more than centuries Spanish rule. Major events affecting these (natural disasters, wars, etc) assess shocks city relocation. identification made looking determinants duration particular site past outcomes (hysteresis) measured age city. great urban instability earlier periods Conquest, where political disorders together orientation extractive activities seem explain high instability. later periods, when empire stabilizes politically, there changes towards strong stability. All results suggest non-linearities path-dependency process.