Spatial and genetic crop diversity support ecosystem service delivery: A case of yield and biocontrol in Dutch organic cabbage production

摘要: A single focus on yield in agroecosystems comes at the expense of other ecosystem services, for instance, biocontrol pests. In this study, we investigated potential intercropping to improve delivery services by cropping systems. Intercropping was expected deliver a higher through facilitation and complementarity while simultaneously suppressing pests via pest habitat dilution provision natural enemies. Utilizing network experiments crop diversification with different spatial arrangements levels genetic diversity across Netherlands 2018, analyzed effect seven designs injury pests, quality cabbage. Individual cabbage leaf herbivorous assessed using newly developed diagrammatic scale. Provisioning were measured as individual fresh weight per unit area. We found significant negative relationship between herbivore feeding cabbage: more species, accessions and/or cultivars exhibited lower injury. The presence flower strips significantly reduced overall adjacent strip, despite rows closer strip. There no clear marketable cabbage, however five out able maintain total area when compared sole reference. Our results show that can support production service maintaining plant productivity area, well regulating control. These provide basis redesigning large-scale arable fields into diversified productive systems, thereby facilitate transition towards sustainable farming better understanding functionality management needs diverse is relevant such redesign.