Neurovascular-modulation

摘要: Neurovascular-modulation is based on two principles that derive directly from brain vascular ultra-structure, namely an exceptionally dense capillary bed (BBB length density: 972 mm/mm3) and a blood-brain-barrier (BBB) resistivity ({rho} ~ 1x105 {Omega}.m) much higher than parenchyma/interstitial space 4 or blood 1 {Omega}.m). Principle 1: Electrical current crosses between the parenchyma (interstitial space) vasculature, producing BBB electric fields (EBBB) are > 400x of average field ([E]BRAIN), which in turn modulates transport across BBB. Specifically, for constant ({lambda}BBB) wall thickness (dth-BBB): analytical solution maximum (EABBB) given as: ([E]BRAIN x {lambda}BBB) / dth-BBB. Direct stimulation suggests novel therapeutic strategies such as boosting metabolic capacity interstitial fluid clearance. Boosting impacts all forms neuromodulation, including those applying intensive driving neuroplasticity. clearance has broad implications treatment neurodegenerative disease Alzheimers disease. 2: distorted around amplifying neuronal polarization. ultra-structure produces ~50% modulation ([E]BRAIN) over ~40 m inter-capillary distance. The divergence EBRAIN (activating function) thus ~100 kV/m2 per unit ([E]BRAIN). This Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), Spinal Cord (SCS), Transcranial Magnetic (TMS), Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), transcranial electrical (tES) techniques Current (tDCS). whereas spatial profile along neurons traditionally assumed to depend macroscopic anatomy, it instead depends local ultra-structure.