Multi-Level Venue-Shopping in Europe. A Comparative Analysis of Interest Organizations in Four EU Member States

摘要: This paper describes and explains the variable extent to which domestic interest organizations seek access multiple venues provided by EU system of governance. Our in-depth analysis of four member-states – France, Belgium, Netherlands Germany reveals substantial variance in multilevel venue-shopping, differences that disconfirm some descriptive accounts reported in the Europeanization literature. Surprising is French organizations develop extensive Europeanized network strategies whereas political Dutch are, compared other countries, rather weakly Europeanized. multivariate nature policy issues significantly extensiveness multilevel venue-shopping generic information on policy sector or organization’s capabilities has little explanatory power. These conclusions are due a fine-grained measurement instrument takes into consideration actors involvement specific issues as well fragmented demand-side interest group politics.