Human Rights and Human Capabilities

摘要: I am a theorist, not practitioner, and believe that good theory is important for practice. The most theoretical development in human rights during the past two decades has been elaboration of “Human Development Approach,” otherwise known as “Capability embodied Human Reports United Nations Programme annually since 1990, work by Amartya Sen, myself, and, now, hundreds young scholars various nations. Capability Association, four years old, which Sen was first President currently second, now 700 members from around forty-nine nations, dedicated to pushing this intellectual further. Approach, have developed it, species approach. It makes clear, however, pertinent goal make people able function variety areas central importance. Some who use approach it simply comparatively; myself attempted defend use, political purposes, basis constitutional thought, list ten “Central Capabilities,” including Life, Bodily Health, Integrity, Expression Senses, Imagination Thought, Emotional Practical Reason, Affiliation (both personal political), Relationships with Other Species World Nature, Play, Control over One’s Environment material social). specify each these more concretely Appendix A, but also leave deal room countries different histories traditions do specification somewhat differently. Producing capabilities requires institutional support, thus takes issue facile distinction “firstgeneration” (political civil) “second-generation” (economic All rights, understood entitlements capabilities, social preconditions, all require government action. Approach pushed forward analysis women’s poor, recently, disabilities. At same time, we arguing crucial importance redistribution across national boundaries. Association working on further approach, practical implementation. produces Report year ranks nations accordance GNP, led new attentiveness health education, example, keys