Social engagement and attachment: a phylogenetic perspective.

摘要: This article focuses on the importance of social engagement and behavioral neurophysiological mechanisms that allow individuals to reduce psychological physical distance. A model derived from Polyvagal Theory is presented. The emphasizes phylogeny as an organizing principle includes following points: (1) there are well-defined neural circuits support behaviors defensive strategies fight, flight, freeze; (2) these form a phylogenetically organized hierarchy; (3) without being dependent conscious awareness, nervous system evaluates risk in environment regulates expression adaptive behavior match neuroception safe, dangerous, or life-threatening environment; (4) benefits physiological states associated with require safety; (5) nursing, reproduction, formation strong pair bonds immobilization fear; (6) fear mediated by co-opting circuit regulating freezing through involvement oxytocin, neuropeptide mammals involved bonds. provides phylogenetic interpretation mediating features stress several psychiatric disorders.