Male and female signaling behavior varies seasonally during territorial interactions in a tropical songbird

摘要: In many tropical birds, both sexes use conspicuous vocal signals during territorial interactions. Although a growing number of studies examine male and female in the context coordinated duets, by non-duetting species is poorly documented, even though these are more numerous than duetting species. Furthermore, few test for seasonal variation signaling behavior. We studied season-specific sex-specific behavior resident songbird, Rufous-capped Warbler (Basileuterus rufifrons), conducting playback experiment where we simulated conspecific intruders producing three types vocalizations (male songs, calls, or “pair” with simultaneous songs calls) heterospecific control. repeated pre-breeding breeding seasons. Response intensity to varied season sex focal birds. During season, showed strong physical approach responses all intrusions, especially paired intrusions. males responded strongly treatments, whereas females little response. primarily used calls response playback, also sang, non-breeding season. Our results therefore suggest that shared territory defense, but contributions each defense vary seasonally. contribute our understanding evolution combined defense. animals, often interactions conspecifics. Seasonal birds has received research attention. conducted investigate season- Warblers (B. rufifrons). approaching speakers vocalizing. actively defended alone rarely responded. although differ