Acute exacerbation of COPD

摘要: The literature of acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is fast expanding. This review focuses on several aspects COPD (AECOPD) including epidemiology, diagnosis and management. poses a major health economic burden in the Asia-Pacific region, as it does worldwide. Triggering factors AECOPD include infectious (bacteria viruses) environmental (air pollution meteorological effect) factors. Disruption dynamic balance between 'pathogens' (viral bacterial) normal bacterial communities that constitute lung microbiome likely contributes to risk exacerbations. diagnostic approach varies based clinical setting severity exacerbation. After history examination, number investigations may be useful, oximetry, sputum culture, chest X-ray blood tests for inflammatory markers. Arterial gases should considered severe exacerbations, characterize respiratory failure. Depending severity, management involves use bronchodilators, steroids, antibiotics, oxygen noninvasive ventilation. Hospitalization required, Nonpharmacological interventions disease-specific self-management, rehabilitation, early medical follow-up, home visits by workers, integrated programmes telehealth-assisted hospital at have been studied during hospitalization shortly after discharge patients who had recent AECOPD. Pharmacological approaches reducing future exacerbations long-acting inhaled mucolytics, vaccinations long-term macrolides. Further studies are needed assess cost-effectiveness these preventing