Are fecal indicator bacteria appropriate measures of recreational water risks in the tropics: A cohort study of beach goers in Brazil?

摘要: Abstract Regulating recreational water exposure to pathogens within the tropics is a major public health and economic concern. Although numerous epidemiological studies estimating risk marine have been conducted since 1950s, few done in tropics. Furthermore, many suggested that use of fecal indicator bacteria for monitoring quality temperate regions not appropriate We analyzed large cohort study five beaches Sao Paulo, Brazil, during consecutive weekends summer 1999 estimated water, sand, food exposures. Enterococci Escherichia coli concentrations were measured each day study. Elevated risks both swimming (OR = 1.36 95% CI: 1.05–1.58) sand contact (OR = 1.29 CI 1.05–1.58). A 1 log increase enterococci concentration was associated with an 11% (OR = 1.11 1.04–1.19). For E. coli 1-log 19% (OR = 1.19 1.14–1.28). Most countries are lower or middle income (LMIC) rely on tourism as source income. present data suggests such tropical urban settings where contamination coming from predominantly human sources. Additional could help inform refine guidelines safe waters.