Mammalian mitochondrial translation - revealing consequences of divergent evolution

摘要: Mitochondria are ubiquitous organelles present in the cytoplasm of all nucleated eukaryotic cells. These described as arising from a common ancestor but comparison numerous aspects mitochondria between different organisms provides remarkable examples divergent evolution. In humans, these dual genetic origin, comprising ∼1500 nuclear-encoded proteins and thirteen that encoded by mitochondrial genome. Of various functions perform, it is only oxidative phosphorylation, which ATP source chemical energy, dependent on synthesis mitochondrially proteins. A prerequisite for this process translation mitoribosomes. The recent revolution cryo-electron microscopy has generated high-resolution mitoribosome structures undoubtedly revealed some most distinctive molecular mitoribosomes organisms. However, we still lack complete understanding mechanistic many factors involved post-transcriptional gene expression mitochondria. This review reflects current knowledge illustrates striking differences have been identified range