Implications of heterogeneity in multiple myeloma.

摘要: Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematologic malignancy in world. Despite improvement outcome, disease still incurable for patients. However, not all are same. With same treatment, some patients can have very long survival whereas others short survival. This suggests that there underlying heterogeneity myeloma. Studies over years revealed multiple layers of heterogeneity. First, clinical parameters such as age and tumor burden could significantly affect outcome. At genetic level, also significant ranging chromosome numbers, translocations, mutations. clonal appears to be with clones coexisting patient. cell differentiation a hierarchy clonally related cells different clonogenic potential sensitivity therapies. These levels complexities present challenges terms treatment prognostication well monitoring treatment. if we clearly delineate dissect this heterogeneity, may presented unique opportunities precision personalized Some proof concepts approaches has been demonstrated.