Interactions of predominant insects and diseases with climate change in Douglas-fir forests of western Oregon and Washington, U.S.A.

摘要: Abstract Forest disturbance regimes are beginning to show evidence of climate-mediated changes, such as increasing severity droughts and insect outbreaks. We review the major insects pathogens affecting regime for coastal Douglas-fir forests in western Oregon Washington State, USA, ask how future climate changes may influence their role ecology. Although physiological constraints light, temperature, moisture largely control tree growth, episodic chronic disturbances interacting with biological factors have substantial impacts on structure functioning forest ecosystems this region. Understanding disease interactions is critical predicting response change consequences ecosystem services, timber, clean water, fish wildlife. focused predictions warmer wetter winters, hotter drier summers, elevated atmospheric CO2 hypothesize diseases influencing type: beetle, Swiss needle cast, black stain root disease, laminated rot. that (1) beetle could become more prevalent increasing, fire, temperature stress, (2) cast difficult predict due uncertainties May-July leaf wetness, but winters contribute intensification at higher elevations, (3) rot will be influenced primarily by management, rather than climatic change. Furthermore, these biotic agents interact complex ways poorly understood. Consequently, inform management decisions, influences must characterized specifically type region order accurately capture light changes.