Gene Flow, Spatial Structure, Local Adaptation, and Assisted Migration in Trees

摘要: Gene flow is a process of transferring and exchanging genetic material among groups organisms an important evolutionary factor that greatly affects variation differentiation in trees. within populations forest trees plays role tree improvement, conservation genetics, containment genetically modified (GM trees). Although are very diverse group woody plants, they share many common life traits affect gene flow, which we discuss this review. Some unfavorable processes current ecosystems, such as habitat loss fragmentation, increased environmental stress due to global climate change, introgression from domesticated into their wild relatives, introduction maladapted germplasm during reforestation, etc., may badly naturally established balance between isolation, local adaptation. Therefore, estimation becomes increasingly for monitoring these developing the best possible strategy manage protect ecosystems. Here, review what has been done area recently methods approaches currently used measure populations.