Do genetic modifications in crops affect soil fungi? a review

摘要: The use of genetically modified (GM) plants in agriculture has been a topic public debate for over decade. Despite their potential to increase yields, there may be unintended negative side-effects GM on soil micro-organisms that are essential functioning agro-ecosystems. Fungi important organisms and can have beneficial or harmful effects plants. Their benefits agro-ecosystems come from activities as free-living saprobes breaking down organic matter thereby releasing nutrients the crops, well mutualistic interactions. On other hand, soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi cause severe damage crops. Understanding impact dynamics is evaluate possible risks introduction ecosystem functioning. In recent years, 50 studies addressed various traits crops fungal community structure function. These showed positive, negative, neutral both plant-associated fungi. observed discrepancy results these discussed. This done by highlighting number case studies. New methods developed years enabled microbial ecologists get better picture assembly communities. review presents discusses two most promising which also readily usable risk assessment could help answer remaining key questions field.