Smoking, cadmium, and emphysema

摘要: Does cadmium contribute to the development of smoking induced emphysema? Most respiratory physicians recognise that chronic exposure respirable in workplace may lead emphysema. What come as a surprise is constituent tobacco and hence cigarette smoke, so inhaled outside by all smokers. The question arises whether to, or even be principal cause of, emphysema. Mannino colleagues have taken advantage Third US National Health Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES III) investigate matter, since it allowed them compare creatinine adjusted urinary levels with spirometric measurements many 16 024 subjects, representative adult population. Their findings are presented this issue Thorax .1 Not only was there an increasing trend from never, through former, current smokers, but among former smokers (though not never smokers) correlated negatively forced expiratory volume 1 second (FEV1) ratio FEV1 vital capacity (FVC) after adjustments for potential confounders. They concluded might indeed importantly related lung disease. Is plausible? If so, likely? Neither can answered easily, possible alternative explanation observed association. Urinary simply marker cumulative smoke. Cadmium occurs within zinc, copper, ores its concentration soil varies widely (typically 0.01–7.0 ppm). This influences amount local drinking water delivered into leaves other plants. In absence occupational exposure, enters body trace amounts foodstuffs, …