True randomness from realistic quantum devices

摘要: Even if the output of a Random Number Generator (RNG) is perfectly uniformly distributed, it may be correlated to pre-existing information and therefore predictable. Statistical tests are thus not sufficient guarantee that an RNG usable for applications, e.g., in cryptography or gambling, where unpredictability important. To enable such applications stronger notion randomness, termed "true randomness", required, which includes independence from prior information. Quantum systems particularly suitable true randomness generation, as their can proved based on physical principles. Practical implementations Quantum RNGs (QRNGs) however always subject noise, i.e., influences fully controlled. This reduces quality raw generated by device, making necessary post-process it. Here we provide framework analyse realistic QRNGs determine post-processing turn into randomness.