What shapes urban mobility cultures? A comparison of German cities

摘要: This paper describes how climate change, peak oil and sustainable development are serious challenges for the future of metropolitan areas worldwide. While international debate still discusses role contribution transport sector in these issues and, furthermore, appropriate policies guiding certain directions, an comparison suggests that even under same regulatory framework cities have options shaping their own developments. For example, some like Copenhagen, Groningen or Munster well-known "good practice‟ communities with high shares bicycling usage, while others named "transit metropolises.‟ In order to explain differences travel patterns at city-level mainly two approaches been established: whereas researchers highlighted impact urban form characteristics, focus more on individual preferences attitudes towards mobility. The aim this is empirically test mobility culture approach. uses a theoretical integrated framework, which tries bridge explanatory gap by including both objective parameters aggregate socio-economic variables as well subjective characteristics such behavior mobility-related preferences.