摘要: The increased use of drugs (and the concurrent risks drug-induced illness) require definition relevant research areas and strategy. For established marketed drugs, needs depend on magnitudes risk an illness from a drug base-line risk. With high low, problem surfaces in premarketing studies or through epidemic that develops after marketing. If adds slightly to risk, effect is undetectable. When both are adverse effects can be discovered by chance, but systematic case-referent speed discovery. high, clinical trials nonexperimental may used. intermediate, evaluations, especially needed. Newly should routinely evaluated compulsory registration follow-up study earliest users.