Use of circulating nucleic acids, metabolites, and proteins as clinical biomarkers for earlier prognosis and diagnosis of disease

摘要: Abstract Biological markers or biomarkers are defined as quantifiable cellular, biochemical, molecular alterations in tissues, cells, fluids. They serve indicators of a normal biological process disease and/or response to drug/condition/stress. Circulating biomarkers, that is, can be quantitated from fluids, offer marked advantages over tissue-specific and clinical include lesser cost, ease measurement analysis, less time consuming, reduce the number subjects required perform trial ethical problems associated with measurements end points. Various high-throughput techniques currently being developed for identification novel linked pathological conditions disorders. This chapter deals different circulating biomarkers—nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites, etc.—tools used their limitations study these use prognosis/diagnosis diseases.