The embodied air pollutant emissions and water footprints of buildings in China: a quantification using disaggregated input–output life cycle inventory model

摘要: Abstract Building has complex supply chains involving different sectors in a national economy. Although input–output life cycle inventory (I–O LCI) model enables economy-wide footprint calculations, the is vulnerable to sector aggregation and thus unsuitable for individual product analysis. This study employed disaggregated I–O LCI that divides construction China into thirteen building sub-sectors fill data gap embodied emissions water footprints. Results show public buildings have larger footprints than residential because of their heavy structural designs significantly depend on steel cement consumption. Compared rural buildings, urban are 55–130% greater. Materials efficiency enhancement promising pathway mitigation use an applied technology—the near net shape casting—would offer annual greenhouse gas (GHG) potential 5.2 million metric tons CO 2 e. presents complete specific calculations China. Study results existing gap, facilitate analyses strategies, contribute life-cycle impacts studies.