摘要: Stone diseases have had known affinities to other systemic for a large portion of written medical history. The first stone afflict human was probably metabolic product uric acid metabolism in boy the predynastic Egyptian period, almost 7000 years ago. Galen (131–201 ad) proposed concept that etiologic aspects formation include heredity, climatic, and nutritional factors. Van Helmont (1577–1644) noted kidney stones were products undesirable minerals within urine. Thomas Sydenham (1624–1689) suffered from gout recurrent urolithiasis. He describes his own disease process with clarity three hypotheses pathophysiology illnesses. On disquisition into he states: “... breeds kidneys many subjects, either (1) because patient is obliged lie long on back, or (2) secretory organs ceased performing their proper functions; else (3) formed part same morbific matter...”(1).
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