Neurophysiology and neuroanatomy of reflexive and volitional saccades: Evidence from studies of humans

摘要: Abstract This review provides a summary of the contributions made by human functional neuroimaging studies to understanding neural correlates saccadic control. The generation simple visually guided saccades (redirections gaze visual stimulus or pro-saccades) and more complex volitional require similar basic circuitry with additional regions supporting requisite higher level processes. system has been studied extensively in non-human (e.g., single-unit recordings) lesions neuroimaging) primates. Considerable knowledge this system’s neuroanatomy makes it useful for investigating models cognitive network involved pro-saccade (by definition largely exogenously-driven) includes subcortical (striatum, thalamus, superior colliculus, cerebellar vermis) cortical (primary visual, extrastriate, parietal cortices, frontal supplementary eye fields) structures. Activation these is also observed during endogenously-driven voluntary anti-saccades, ocular motor delayed response memory saccades, predictive tracking tasks anticipatory saccade sequencing), all which processes like inhibition working memory. These requirements are supported changes activity recruitment (such as prefrontal anterior cingulate cortices). Activity cortex modulated function task demands may predict type be generated, perhaps via top-down control mechanisms. Neuroimaging suggest two foci activation within FEF - medial lateral correspond reflexive demands, respectively. Future research on could usefully (i) delineate important anatomical subdivisions that underlie differences, (ii) evaluate connectivity using methods such ICA structural equation modeling, (iii) investigate how context affects behavior brain activity, (iv) use multi-modal maximize spatial temporal resolution.