Transmission other than by Vectors

作者: Kenneth M. Smith

DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-9653-9_9

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摘要: There are several methods by which plant viruses can be transmitted from diseased to healthy hosts where there is no involvement with another organism. These methods, include both natural and artificial means of transfer, as follows: (a) mechanical inoculation; (b) grafting; (c) vegetative propagation; (d) seed transmission. The first two largely artificial, the last natural, spread.

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