Pesticide Impacts on the Environment and Humans

摘要: Pesticide impacts on the environment and humans are manifold. Due to enormous variety of active ingredients with different mode actions, no general patterns for pesticide classes can be identified. This chapter describes experiences from our own experiments other studies testing effects a nontarget organisms, including soil biota, amphibians, insects, birds, bats. If pesticides applied at recommended doses, they rarely acutely toxic organisms. However, there many indirect activity, fitness, neurology, reproduction When herbicide kills plants, this affects not only diversity vegetation; removal nectar, pollen, food, shelter insect pollinators, herbivores, bats, mammals impairs overall biodiversity. A major problem is that environmental risk assessments conducted single substances few surrogate species, thereby ignoring agricultural practice applications during cropping season, biodiversity, ecological interactions in agroecosystem. Side worrying include acute poisonings, serious chronic diseases affecting nerve system, hormone interfering fertility, reproduction, cause tumors. Morbus Parkinson some countries an occupational disease winegrowers. Examples mentioned where scientists who critically challenge current use were given hard time.