Nonhuman Primate Retrovirus Isolates and AIDS

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the virologic, immunologic, and epidemiologic aspects of immunosuppressive disease caused by type D retroviruses (SRV-1, SRV-2, MPMV) lentiviruses (SIV) in nonhuman primates. Insofar as AIDS is a human retroviral HIV chimpanzee still only species known to be susceptible experimental infection with this virus, both these other primate models will great benefit, although they present few limitations. HIV-2 appears cause persistent some macaques without inducing disease. model may, therefore, help reduce need for chimpanzees African origin. Because SIV causes fatal AIDS-like Asian macaques, system constitutes most directly relevant animal AIDS. Critical questions on retrovirus-induced immunopathology that can assessed which cannot tested include role cofactors disease, viral determinants pathogenesis, significance envelope gene variation, potential protective immunization, pre- postexposure. Analyses effects variety primates reveal complexity immunosuppression prefigure diversity pathogenic mechanisms. New concepts learned systems have fundamental implications understanding viruses, immune system, regulation expression, may lead development procedures prevent or limit immunologic abnormalities viruses.