Eco‐evolution on the edge during climate change

摘要: We urgently need to predict species responses climate change minimize future biodiversity loss and ensure we do not waste limited resources on ineffective conservation strategies. Currently, most predictions of ignore the potential for evolution. However, evolution can alter ecological responses, different aspects ecology interact produce complex eco‐evolutionary dynamics under change. Here review how could warm cool range margins, where be especially important. discuss in isolation, then synthesize results consider multiple evolutionary processes might affect On dispersal increase expansion rates allow adapt novel conditions their new range. low genetic variation drift small range‐front populations also slow or halt expansions. Together, these effects cause a three‐step, stop‐and‐go pattern many species. isolation among maintain high that facilitates climates allows persist longer than expected without This ‘evolutionary extinction debt’ prevent other from shifting ranges. as increases populations, increasing mortality select decreased rapid contractions. Some explain why are responding predicted. conclude by suggesting resurveying historical studies measured trait frequencies, strength selection, heritabilities an efficient way our knowledge biology.