Brassica rapa domestication: untangling wild and feral forms and convergence of crop morphotypes

摘要: The study of domestication contributes to our knowledge evolution and crop genetic resources. Human selection has shaped wild Brassica rapa into diverse turnip, leafy, oilseed crops. Despite its worldwide economic importance potential as a model for understanding diversification under domestication, insights the number events initial crop(s) domesticated in B. have been limited due lack clarity about or feral status conspecific non-crop relatives. To address this gap reconstruct history rapa, we analyzed 68,468 genotyping-by-sequencing-derived SNPs 416 samples largest diversity panel weedy date. further understand center origin, modeled range during mid-Holocene. Our analyses across morphotypes suggest that from Caucasus, Siberia, Italy may be truly wild, while those occurring Americas much Europe are feral. Clustering, tree-based analyses, parameterized demographic inference indicate turnips were likely first type domesticated, which leafy types East Asia selected distinct lineages. These findings clarify nature resources provides step toward investigating cases possible parallel selection, feralization syndrome, novel germplasm improvement.