Distribution and Attenuation of Hazardous Substances in Uncontrolled Solid Waste Landfills

摘要: The distribution, concentrations in various phases, attenuation and emissions of hazardous substances Finnish municipal industrial mixed-waste landfills were investigated a 5 year field study. Pronounced irregular spatial variation substance was observed within, especially between, the sites. Most frequency distributions contaminant fills skewed toward small values. Related norms or reference values occasionally exceeded. contaminants phases within around varied according to site, reflecting retention removal mechanisms. Lead zinc most easily leached heavy metals old landfills. concentration toxicants waterborne dominated by values, but maxima exceeded drinking water up 400 times. In landfill gas, some halomethane (100 mg Nm−3) air quality norms. estimates fluxes minor compared with, for example, emissions. overall toxic impacts thus seem relatively small, may be important locally require further study caution. Associated issues disposal risk assessment management are briefly discussed.