Emerging Roles of miRNAs in Brain Development and Perinatal Brain Injury.

摘要: In human beings the immature brain is highly plastic and depending on stage of gestation particularly vulnerable to a range insults that if sufficiently severe, can result in long-term motor, cognitive behavioral impairment. With improved neonatal care, incidence major motor deficits such as cerebral palsy has declined with prematurity. Unfortunately, however, milder forms injury characterized by diffuse non-cystic white matter lesions within periventricular region surrounding matter, involving loss oligodendrocyte progenitors subsequent axonal hypomyelination matures have not. Existing therapeutic options for treatment preterm infants proved inadequate, partly owing an incomplete understanding underlying post-injury cellular molecular changes lead poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. This reinforced need improve our plasticity, explore novel solutions development protective strategies, identify biomarkers. Compelling evidence exists supporting involvement microRNAs (miRNAs), class small non-coding RNAs, important post-transcriptional regulators gene expression functions including cell fate specification plasticity synaptic connections. Importantly, miRNAs are differentially expressed following injury, be packaged exosomes/extracellular vesicles, which play pivotal role assuring their intercellular communication passage across blood-brain barrier. Indeed, increasing number investigations examined roles specific regeneration it apparent this field research could potentially strategies ameliorate perinatal injury. review, we discuss most recent findings some relation brain, dysregulation, regulatory how these targeted either biomarkers or neuroprotective agents.