Environmental and Intrinsic Correlates of Stress in Free-Ranging Wolves
作者： Barbara Molnar , Julien Fattebert , Rupert Palme , Paolo Ciucci , Bruno Betschart
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0137378
关键词:
摘要: Background When confronted with a stressor, animals react several physiological and behavioral responses. Although sustained or repeated stress can result in severe deleterious effects, the causes of free-ranging are yet poorly documented. In our study, we aimed at identifying main factors affecting levels wolves (Canis lupus).
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