摘要: Because tropical dry forests have been disturbed by humans more than wetter forests, there is an urgent need for conservation of the remaining and thus a large amount research has also directed toward their restoration. The development cost-efficient silvicultural treatments will be critical to achieve sustained use forest products from natural as well restoration efforts. Tropical present special problems silviculturists because prolonged seasons reduce growth rates can cause significant tree mortality, especially seedlings. Coppice systems are particularly important in regeneration these forests. Management both timber nontimber confined largely managing extraction, with relatively little application silviculture. Although reduced-impact logging operations increasingly applied postharvest not integrated management any form often complex areas where fragmented harvested subsistence products, such firewood, affected damaging effects livestock grazing wildfire.