摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses various methods for metal substitution. Metal substitution can be performed by three conceptually different approaches: (1) removal of the native a binding agent and/ or competition with hydrogen ions at low pH, followed insertion new metal, (2) direct displacement first second and (3) biosynthesis metalloprotein under enriched conditions choice. The two applied in either crystalline solution states. choice method physical state protein will depend on solubility, ease removal, stability apoprotein. methodology involved approaches both states enzyme illustrated detail carboxypeptidase A. A few exemplary references are given to where these have been used other metalloproteins.