Silicon Photo Multipliers Detectors Operating in Geiger Regime: an Unlimited Device for Future Applications

摘要: Photon detectors are indispensable in many areas of fundamental physics research, particularly the emerging fields particle astrophysics, nuclear and physics, as well medical equipment (i.e. PET), physical check-ups diagnosis in-vitro inspection (Radioimmunoassay Enzyme immunoassay luminescent, fluorescent, Chemiluminescent Immunoassay), biomedicine, industrial application, environmental measurement (like dust counters used to detect contained air or liquids, radiation survey monitors power plants). In astroparticle photons play a crucial role detection processes: particular, most future experiments which aimed at study very high-energy (GRB, AGN, SNR) extremely rare phenomena (dark matter, proton decay, zero neutrinosdouble beta neutrinos from astrophysical sources)[3-7] based on detection. The needs high sensitivity push designing whose sizes should greatly exceed dimensions largest current installations. construction such large-scale no other option remains using natural media atmosphere, deep packs ice, water liquefied gases cryogenic temperatures [8-13]. these (transparent) media, charged particles, originating interaction decays primary emit Cherenkov fluorescence light, detected by photosensitive devices. Hence, for improvement quality experimental results particular attention be paid photon performances. underwater neutrino telescopes (but this is applicable also experiments) emitted leptons stemming interaction, hits photomultipliers (PMT) situated different distances track. This implies, that response PMTs linear wide range illumination single photon. Another area interest direct searches Dark Matter form WIMPs: it exploited scintillation properties double-phase (liquid-gas) detectors, where secondary light signals high-efficiency PMTs, immersed liquids low temperature (89 K liquid argon) [14-17]. next generation requires further linearity, gain, (quantum efficiency counting capability) PMTs.