Mapping submarine glacial landforms using acoustic methods

摘要: The mapping of submarine glacial landforms is largely dependent on marine geophysical survey methods capable imaging the seafloor and sub-bottom through water column. Full global coverage mapping, equivalent to that which exists for Earth's land surface, has, date, only been achieved by deriving bathymetry from radar altimeters satellites such as GeoSat ERS-1 (Smith & Sandwell 1997). horizontal resolution limited footprint satellite sensors need average out local wave wind effects, resulting in a cell size about 15 km (Sandwell et al. 2001). A further problem high latitudes altimeter data are extensively contaminated presence sea ice, degrades derived (McAdoo Laxon Consequently, method alone not suitable landforms, given their morphological characterization usually requires much finer level detail. Acoustic based echo-sounding principles currently most widely used techniques because they at higher resolution. Although accuracy continually being improved, portion world's ocean floor has acoustically surveyed increasing slowly. This lack particularly true those areas oceans covered ice infested with icebergs, where an abundant component continental shelf fjord morphology. illustrated fact 11% Arctic Ocean had mapped using modern multibeam sonar technology 2012 when latest International Bathymetric Chart (IBCAO) was compiled (Jakobsson 2012). similar estimate …