Autonomic and sensory nerve modulation of peristalsis in the upper urinary tract

摘要: The primary function of the upper urinary tract is to propel urine and various water-soluble toxic compounds from kidneys bladder for storage evacuation maintain body ionic balance contribute regulation blood volume pressure. mechanism by which propels has long been considered be myogenic in origin as peristaltic contractions vivo vitro (pyeloureteric peristalsis) propagate a manner little affected drugs that block nerve conduction or sympathetic parasympathetic transmission. However, it now well established release intrinsic prostaglandins neuropeptides sensory nerves (PSNs) helps pyeloureteric peristalsis. Electrical field stimulation PSNs evokes species-specific positive inotropic chronotropic effects have attributed excitatory tachykinins superimposed on negative associated with calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), rise cellular cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) protein kinase A-dependent activation glibenclamide-sensitive ATP-dependent K+ (KATP) channels. This review summarises existing evidence nervous control recent suggesting autonomic innervation may indirectly modulate peristalsis via PSN nicotinic receptors modulation KV7 channels located interstitial cells within renal pelvis wall.