Genetics and Extracellular Vesicles of Pediatrics Sleep Disordered Breathing and Epilepsy.

摘要: Sleep remains one of the least understood phenomena in biology, and sleep disturbances are most common behavioral problems childhood. The etiology disorders is complex involves both genetic environmental factors. Epilepsy popular childhood neurological condition characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures, neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, social consequences this condition. epilepsy interrelated, importance less known. state also influences whether a seizure will occur at given time, differs considerably for various syndromes. development has been associated with single or multiple gene variants. genetics exhibit significant heterogeneity variability expressivity seizures. Phenobarbital (PhB) widely used antiepileptic drug. With its principal mechanism action prolong opening time γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptor-associated chloride channel, it enhances anion influx into neurons, subsequent hyperpolarization, thereby reducing excitability. Enzymes that metabolize pharmaceuticals including PhB well known having polymorphisms contribute adverse drug–drug interactions. metabolism highly dependent upon cytochrome P450 (CYP450) can lead active drug levels. polymorphic CYP2C19 isozymes responsible metabolizing large portion routinely prescribed drugs variants significantly reactions therapeutic failures. A limited number nucleotide (SNPs) involved metabolism. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) circular membrane fragments released from endosomal compartment as exosomes shed surfaces membranes cell types. Increasing evidence indicated EVs play pivotal role cell-to-cell communication. Theses may important between sleep, epilepsy, treatments. discovery provides potential strategies diagnosis treatment many diseases neurocognitive deficit. aim study better understand provide further knowledge about interactions phenobarbital children interplay EVs. Understanding helpful optimal all patients use extracellular precision medicine disorder improve prognosis quality life epilepsy.