VOCAL COMMUNICATION IN THE PALE-WINGED TRUMPETER (PSOPHIA LEUCOPTERA): REPERTOIRE, CONTEXT AND FUNCTIONAL REFERENCE

摘要: Adult pale-winged trumpeters produce a varied repertoire of vocalizations: apart from one loud 'tremolo song' we recorded 11 structurally discrete close-range calls, which (the 'mew') was individually distinct. There significant variation across vocalization type with respect to the identity and behaviour caller response receiver(s). It possible group vocalizations into six broad contextual classes: alarm, recruitment, social, contact, feeding territory defence. On detection danger, gave two acoustically different for aerial predators, another terrestrial predators or conspecific intruders. They also produced distinct calls on large prey items such as snakes. These (alarm snake-finding) call types seemed evoke responses by receivers therefore appeared be functionally referent. Vocal positively correlated dominance rank at least other had important roles in mediating social interactions within group. Finally, 'mew' only given when trumpeter separated from, usually out visual contact rest This referent, eliciting vocal receivers: they 'grunt' call, unique this situation. is first experimental demonstration bird proximate factors motivating production an call.