Mitigation of Environmental Impact from Shipping

摘要: In April 2014, the European Parliament endorsed a new Directive on Maritime Spatial Planning, way to analyse and organize marine areas in an economically efficient sustainable way. The planning includes mapping of all activities, such as aquaculture, shipping, nature conservation, military wind turbines. Many interests are competing for same geographical areas, conflict is often between economic environmental interests. One dispute shipping protected areas. Dynamic route vessels adjust routes various aspects, ecological sensitive areas. The focus this study collect basic information mark maps where with species exist Baltic Sea, rough estimates critical seasons that can be used dynamic shipping. It will include recommendations possible restrictions areas. This shows values most exposed Sea birds, seals porpoises. Oil spills greatest threat sea-bird populations, since high density population occur area during some seasons. Seals especially vulnerable winter when they rest breed ice, ships might cross disturb or harm populations. Passing physically injure porpoises, noise from engines sonar disrupt their communication scare them away important breeding feeding. The main conclusions porpoises should have speed limit. seal restricted ice conditions Gulf Finland. Some avoided completely occurs there.