Has the sex-specific structure of Finland's brown bear population changed during 21 years?

摘要: Gene flow between the two brown bear Ursus arctos populations of Fennoscandia is very weak although both in Finland and Scandinavia has been increasing substantially during last 50 years. We examined spatial temporal pattern proportion adult females Finland's population. First, we expected evidence for decreasing female proportions with distance from potential core areas Russia near Finnish–Russian border. Secondly, our study period 21 years, i.e. generations. conducted a logistic mixed effects model that would predict hunter-killed bear's sex based on year, source population (Finnish–Russian border), management area age group (adult, sub-adult) as independent variables. Geographic coordinates were used to reduce apparent autocorrelation. Because bears form kin clusters, final exponential autocorrelation, assumption probability dead being increased when nearest also was female. The demonstrated population's structure did not change spatially period. only differentiating variables group, low reindeer husbandry area, males predominating among subadults. may weaken meta-population viability Fennoscandia, northern should save more efficiently.