Estrogen receptors in breast tumors of african american patients.

摘要: It is now fairly well recognized that African American women (AAW) develop aggressive breast tumors and experience highermortality rate thanwomen in other population [1–10]. The inAApopulation has been assumed to be due to, part, late stage of disease at diagnosis, low socioeconomic status, limited access medical facilities services [11–20]. When the above factors were controlled high mortality appears differences tumor biology observed AAW [21]. Several studies have established are poorly differentiated with increased frequency nuclear atypia, higher mitotic activity, S-phase fraction, necrosis [22–27]. Another characteristic expression estrogen receptor (ER) progesterone (PR); presence these indicate a good prognosis response anti-estrogen therapies. reports shown ER PR AA patient lower compared cancer patients populations. Reports show less than 50% positive for whereas population, more 65% after adjusting menopausal state age [28–32]. positivity was traditionally determined based on immunohistochemical assessment major protein, ERalpha (ER ), using monoclonal antibodies. However, it samples express number splice variants addition wild-type second structurally functionally related but genetically distinct receptor, , its variants. Because signaling through ERs known drive progression majority tumors, we thought qualitative quantitative molecular composition isoforms could, account overall survival this