Surgical and minimally invasive ablation for atrial fibrillation.

摘要: The Cox-Maze procedure, first introduced in 1987, has been the gold standard for surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. At 10 years, over 90% patients remain free from procedure shown to be effective at eliminating incidence late stroke this high-risk population. development new ablation technologies greatly simplified and shortened without sacrificing efficacy. These have spurred interest new, simpler operations fibrillation that can performed through minimal access and, some instances, off cardiopulmonary bypass. early results with these more limited procedures on whole not as good but they are promising. There many problems a truly minimally invasive high When referred surgery, there is no information available regarding mechanisms their Thus, it impossible tailor individual patient. Future progress will require better understanding fibrillation, refinement clinical diagnostic technology allow preoperative diagnosis.