The burden of testosterone deficiency syndrome in adult men: economic and quality-of-life impact.

摘要: ABSTRACT Introduction Testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) causes a wide range of symptoms that can lead to significant morbidity. Preliminary evidence has also linked TDS with premature mortality and number comorbid diseases including diabetes metabolic syndrome. Such associations substantial economic quality- of-life implications, the magnitude which remains largely unknown. Aim To review quality-of-life consequences untreated condition consider likely health benefits testosterone treatment. Methods A systematic four main areas: epidemiological TDS, estimates cost illness, impact on quality-of-life, cost-effectiveness Main Outcome Measure Review peer-reviewed literature. Results The lack clear universally accepted diagnostic criteria uncertainty surrounding link between some its complicate estimation burden illness TDS. Consequences potentially increased include depression, sexual dysfunction, mild cognitive impairment, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, mortality. However, although good exists demonstrating an association dysfunction is less strong for incidence fractures mortality, highly controversial disease. are patients' quality life function, energy levels, body composition, mood, function. Conclusion Understanding only first step decision makers need take decide whether allocate scarce resources treat condition. make informed decisions when who information needed available treatments. data would highlight treatment physicians, patients, society as whole. Maggi M, Schulman C, Quinton R, Langham S, Uhl-Hochgraeber K. in adult men: Economic impact.