Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Alongside Clinical Trials

摘要: Over the past quarter century, as costs have become an important factor in medical decision making, indices of cost-effectiveness (CE) increasingly been used evaluation therapies. The traditional approach to analysis (CEA) utilizes decision-analytic models based on estimates cost and effectiveness outcomes obtained from nonsampled secondary data (from literature, insurance claims databases, expert opinion) employs sensitivity examine variability results uncertain model inputs are varied over reasonable ranges. Throughout decade, there has increasing trend for economic studies be incorporated into large clinical trials. This allowed evaluated directly, using primary patient-level both costs. stochastic, or random, nature this data, resulting patient-to-patient (sampling) variability, allows uncertainty associated with estimated methods statistical analysis. chapter presents overview other methodological considerations experimentally randomized controlled