Evidence-based policy as iterative learning: the case of EU biofuels targets

摘要: In recent years, certain attempts to promote sustainable transport have fallen victim the impact of ‘unintended consequences’ on decision-making and policy outcomes. The pressure that European Union biofuel targets place global food production role they play in facilitating deforestation are well-known examples. This paper highlights how policy-makers’ failure consider evidence relating potential impacts mandates early 2000s led a host complex problems developing over subsequent years. Drawing concept problem ‘framing’, article then examines extent learning has taken since Biofuels Directive was implemented 2003. While acknowledging not all eventualities can be prepared for, importance enhanced communication collaboration across different levels departments government policy-making processes as means promoting learning, especially when dealing with cro...