作者: Adriana Amaro , Giovanna Angelini , Ulrich Pfeffer , Valentina Mirisola , Alessia Isabella Esposito
DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5842-1_9
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摘要: Breast cancer is the most frequent female and still one of major causes death although early diagnosis improved therapies have had a great impact on survival after breast diagnosis. However, there are many unresolved problems in such as fraction cancers that do not respond to current considerable overtreatment due imperfect prognostication. The application genomics has led identification clinically relevant molecular subtypes, especially distinction luminal A B subtypes within class hormone receptor positive cancers. Many prognostic signatures been developed two them being applied oncologic decision making yet their utility likely does go beyond show highly different proliferative potential. Integration copy number variation identified even more subclasses with distinct clinical characteristics. Genome wide association studies single nucleotide polymorphisms associated risk several resist validation studies. Their for design based preventive strategies proposed. Next generation sequencing shows driver mutations cancer, interrelated signaling pathways. Several genes TP53 or PIK3CA but almost private. Sequencing also actionable mutations, among which those occur frequently involved other could indicate specific treatments. Better prognostication response prediction by means genomic analyses mutation screening will certainly contribute improvement therapy reduction unnecessary toxicity. conceptual shift our understanding process metastasis seems be determined from very stages disease additional at later stages.