The role of expectancies in smoking behavior in middle school and high school: An adaptation and extension of the theory of planned behavior

摘要: This study focuses on the utility of expectancy construct in prediction adolescent cigarette smoking within theory planned behavior. Hypotheses tested an adaptation and extension behavior (Ajzen, 1991), based recommendations by Marlatt (198S). Specifically, positive negative exp)ectancies were hypothesized to moderate relationships social norms selfefficacy with intentions and, for self-efficacy only, Factor analysis assessed discriminant validity measures. Using multiple regression analyses, cross-sectional, self-report questionnaire data from 25,868 sixth through twelfth grade students used test hypotheses. Consistent support was found additive effects predicting smoke daily smoking. For interactive effects, intentions, but not Likewise, school level status differences these relationships. These findings are discussed terms their theoretical implications regarding role etiology expectancies behavior, cognitive theory, previous conceptualizations risk protective effects. Additionally, results have program prevention alteration expectancies.