Comparative floral structure and systematics in Rhizophoraceae, Erythroxylaceae and the potentially related Ctenolophonaceae, Linaceae, Irvingiaceae and Caryocaraceae (Malpighiales)

摘要: Within the rosid order Malpighiales, Rhizophoraceae and Erythroxylaceae (1) are strongly supported as sisters in molecular phylogenetic studies possibly form a clade with either Ctenolophonaceae (2) or Linaceae, Irvingiaceae Caryocaraceae (less well supported) (3). In to assess validity of these relationships from floral structural point view, families comparatively studied for first time terms their morphology, anatomy histology. Overall structure reflects results quite closely related. share some unusual features (potential synapomorphies) Erythroxylaceae. contrast, not clearly clade, related Erythroxylaceae, shared probably mainly symplesiomorphies at level Malpighiales (still undefined) larger subclade Malpighales, rather than synapomorphies. (among other features) conduplicate petals enwrapping stamens bud, antepetalous longer antesepalous ones, nectariferous androecial tube attachment two stamen whorls different positions: one whorl on rim, below rim tube, ovary shortly abruptly dorsally bulged presence layer idioblasts (laticifers?) sepals ovaries. and/or less three vascular traces, short androgynophore, an septum thin severed completely disintegrating during development, leading developmentally secondarily unilocular ovary, zigzag-shaped micropyle seeds aril. Special occurring all groupings here are, example, synsepaly, retarded thus forming protective organs postgenitally fused hooked together fusing above base, corona, apocarpous unifacial styles, nucellus long, early (before embryo sac is mature), nectaries tube. Some may be synapomorphies entire group, if it forms future studies, subgroups thereof. Others plesiomorphies, they also occur Celastrales Oxalidales (COM clade). The occurrence within COM discussed.