Estimating fitness costs of pollution in iteroparous invertebrates

摘要: The most important goal of ecotoxicological studies should be to detect what effect a particular toxicant can have on average fitness in population exposed it. More detailed provide data effects phenotypes. If one accepts expected lifetime fertility R 0 as measure laboratory experiments (i.e. stationary environment), the task is relatively simple for semelparous invertebrates. In particular, organisms with short life cycle are suitable this type experiment, they produce good estimates R0 quickly. It not surprising that these probably best-studied ecotoxicology at present (Daniels and Allan, 1981;Walsh, 1983;Bengtsson et al., 1985;Van Leeuwen 1986;Lawrence 1989;Van Straalen 1989;Chandler, 1990;Kidd, 1991;Snell 1991;Crommentuijn 1993;Fernandez-Caselderrey al.,1993)