Chemical communication in the gut: Effects of microbiota-generated metabolites on gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens.

摘要: Gastrointestinal pathogens must overcome many obstacles in order to successfully colonize a host, not the least of which is presence gut microbiota, trillions commensal microorganisms inhabiting mammals' digestive tracts, and their products. It well established that healthy microbiota provides its host with protection from numerous pathogens, including Salmonella species, Clostridium difficile, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae. Conversely, pathogenic bacteria have evolved mechanisms establish an infection thrive face fierce competition for space nutrients. Here, we review evidence microbiota-generated metabolites play key role determining outcome by bacterial pathogens. By consuming transforming dietary host-produced metabolites, as secreting primary secondary own, define chemical environment often determine specific responses. Although most microbiota-produced are currently uncharacterized, several well-studied molecules made or modified known affect growth virulence short-chain fatty acids, succinate, mucin O-glycans, molecular hydrogen, bile AI-2 quorum sensing autoinducer. We also discuss challenges possible approaches further study interplay between gastrointestinal