The roles of beta-adrenergic receptors in tumorigenesis and the possible use of beta-adrenergic blockers for cancer treatment: possible genetic and cell-signaling mechanisms.

摘要: Cancer is the leading cause of death in USA, and incidence cancer increases dramatically with age. Beta-adrenergic blockers appear to have a beneficial clinical effect patients. In this paper, we review evidence an association between β-adrenergic blockade cancer. Genetic studies provided opportunity determine which proteins link pathology. particular, involves major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, renin-angiotensin system, transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa-light-chain-enhancer activated B cells, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, reduced form nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. also exert anticancer effects through non-genomic factors, including matrix metalloproteinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase-2, oxidative stress, nitric oxide synthase. conclusion, may play role treatment. Additional investigations that examine as therapeutics are required further elucidate role.